# Lattice¶

The Lattice class defines the lattice structure on which species can bind, diffuse and react. There are several ways to specify the lattice structure. They are defined in a correspondence one-to-one with the conventions used in the Zacros’ input files. See the API section below for a detailed description of these three ways: 1) Default Lattices, 2) Unit-Cell-Defined Periodic Lattices, and 3) Explicitly Defined Custom Lattices.

Following our example (see use case system), we just need a single-site lattice with a coordination number of 3, a lattice constant equal to 1.0, and a modest number of copies of the unit cell 10x3:

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 # Lattice setup lat = pz.Lattice( lattice_type=pz.Lattice.TRIANGULAR, lattice_constant=1.0, repeat_cell=[10,3] ) print(lat) lattice.plot() 

The previous lines produce the following output:

lattice default_choice
triangular_periodic 1.0 10 3
end_lattice


In addition to the capabilities of building lattices, pyZacros also offers a way to visualize them by calling the function plot(). e.g., see line 7 of the script above. This line produces the following figure:

## API¶

class Lattice(**kwargs)

Lattice class that defines the lattice structure on which species can bind, diffuse and react. As in Zacros’ original input files, there are three different ways of specifying a lattice structure. Below we describe these three ways with the corresponding parameters as well with examples of use.

Default Lattices:

• lattice_type – Define the lattice to use. Possible options are:
• Lattice.TRIANGULAR: Specifies a lattice with coordination number 3. The unit cell is not the primitive cell. The obtained unit cell is a rectangular cell containing 4 sites.
• Lattice.RECTANGULAR: Specifies a lattice with coordination number 4. The unit cell contains 1 site. The unit cell is the primitive cell.
• Lattice.HEXAGONAL: Specifies a lattice with coordination number 6. The unit cell is not the primitive cell. The obtained unit cell is a rectangular cell containing 2 sites.
• lattice_constant – Defines the lattice constant (in angstrom).
• repeat_cell – The number of repetitions of the unit cell in the horizontal and vertical.

Example:

lattice = Lattice( lattice_type=Lattice.HEXAGONAL, lattice_constant=1.0, repeat_cell=[4,5] )


Unit-Cell-Defined Periodic Lattices:

• cell_vectors – Define the unit vectors. e.g. [[0.123, 0.000],[1.234,1.234]]
• repeat_cell – The number of repetitions of the unit cell in the directions of unit vectors. e.g. (10,10)
• site_types – The names of the different site types. e.g. [ "cn2", "br42", "cn2" ]
• site_coordinates – Pairs of real numbers specifying the “fractional coordinates” of each site in the unit cell. e.g. [ (0.123,0.894), (0.456,0.123) ]
• neighboring_structure – Defines a neighboring structure block. e.g. [ ((0,0),Lattice.NORTH), ((0,1),Lattice.NORTHEAST) ]

Example:

lattice = Lattice( cell_vectors=[[2.77185866, 0.00000000],[1.38592933, 2.40050002]],
repeat_cell=[2, 2],
site_types=["b", "h", "b", "b", "f", "t"],
site_coordinates=[[0.00001, 0.49999],
[0.33333, 0.33333],
[0.49999, 0.00001],
[0.49999, 0.49999],
[0.66667, 0.66667],
[0.99999, 0.00001]],
neighboring_structure=[ [(0,1), Lattice.SELF],
[(1,2), Lattice.SELF],
[(1,3), Lattice.SELF],
[(3,4), Lattice.SELF],
[(4,2), Lattice.NORTH],
[(4,0), Lattice.EAST],
[(5,5), Lattice.NORTH],
[(5,5), Lattice.EAST],
[(5,4), Lattice.SELF],
[(5,1), Lattice.SELF],
[(5,1), Lattice.EAST],
[(5,4), Lattice.SOUTHEAST],
[(5,1), Lattice.SOUTHEAST],
[(4,5), Lattice.NORTH],
[(5,5), Lattice.SOUTHEAST] ] )


Explicitly Defined Custom Lattices:

• site_types – The names of the different site types. e.g. [ "cn2", "br42" ]
• site_coordinates – Pairs of real numbers specifying the “fractional coordinates” of each site in the unit cell. e.g. [ (0.123,0.894), (0.456,0.123) ]
• nearest_neighbors – Defines the neighboring structure. e.g. [ (2,6), (2,4,7,8) ]
• cell_vectors – Define the unit vectors. Optional

Example:

lattice = Lattice( site_types=["cn2", "br42", "cn4", "br42", "cn2", "br42",
"br44", "br44", "br42", "cn4", "br44", "cn4",
"br42", "br42", "cn2"],
site_coordinates=[[0.0000e+0, 0.0000e+0],
[1.4425e+0, 0.0000e+0],
[2.8850e+0, 0.0000e+0],
[4.3275e+0, 0.0000e+0],
[5.7700e+0, 0.0000e+0],
[7.2125e-1, 1.2492e+0],
[2.1637e+0, 1.2492e+0],
[3.6062e+0, 1.2492e+0],
[5.0487e+0, 1.2492e+0],
[1.4425e+0, 2.4985e+0],
[2.8850e+0, 2.4985e+0],
[4.3275e+0, 2.4985e+0],
[2.1637e+0, 3.7477e+0],
[3.6062e+0, 3.7477e+0],
[2.8850e+0, 4.9970e+0]],
nearest_neighbors=[[ 1,  5],
[ 0,  2],
[ 1,  3,  6, 7],
[ 2,  4],
[ 3,  8],
[ 0,  9],
[ 2,  9],
[ 2, 11],
[ 4, 11],
[ 5,  6, 10, 12],
[ 9, 11],
[ 7,  8, 10, 13],
[ 9, 14],
[11, 14],
[12, 13]] )

plot(pause=-1, show=True, color=None, ax=None, close=False, show_sites_ids=False, file_name=None)

Uses Matplotlib to visualize the lattice. Be sure that Matplotlib is installed in your system; otherwise, the function does nothing.

• pause – After showing the figure, it will wait pause-seconds before refreshing. This can be used for crude animation.
• show – Enables showing the figure on the screen.
• color – Uses the same color for both binding sites and connections; e.g. ‘k’. See matplotlib.colors.
• ax – The axes of the plot. It contains most of the figure elements: Axis, Tick, Line2D, Text, Polygon, etc., and sets the coordinate system. See matplotlib.axes.
• close – Closes the figure window after pause time.
• show_sites_ids – Shows the binding sites id on the figure.
• file_name – Saves the figure to the file file_name. The format is inferred from the extension, and by default, .png is used.
number_of_sites()

Returns the total number of sites

site_types_set()

Returns the set of the sites types

set_repeat_cell(repeat_cell)

Set the parameter repeat_cell and update all internal information

• repeat_cell – The number of repetitions of the unit cell in the directions of unit vectors. e.g. (10,10)
replace_site_types_names(site_types_old, site_types_new)

Replaces the site types names

• site_types_old – List of strings containing the old site_types to be replaced
• site_types_new – List of strings containing the new site_types which would replace old site_types_old.